Updated | September 23, 2025 What is the difference between theory testing and theory building? This article sheds light on the issue as one of the concerns of advanced higher education. Essentially, what do graduate students do when they conduct a research investigation? Do they follow specific guidelines in doing their research? Is there a … Read more
While browsing the literature you may have encountered the phrase “ecosystem management”. While this set of words may be commonly used, many find it vague and confusing at times. Here is a back to basics explanation to provide you a solid foundation for further study of this concept. Ecosystem management, while discussed in literature or … Read more
What is opportunity cost? How can this economics concept become a useful tool in decision making? Read on to find out. Opportunity cost is one of the important concepts I have learned in the course of teaching environmental economics. Understanding the idea has helped me a lot, especially in those times when I need to … Read more
To measure appropriately the research variables identified and reflected in the conceptual framework, a budding researcher must be very familiar with the four statistical scales of measurement. What are the four statistical scales of measurement and what variables do these measure? The following article enumerates and describes the four statistical scales of measurement and provides … Read more
Data analysis is only as good as the quality of data obtained during the data collection process. How can you ensure data accuracy and integrity? Here are three pointers. Data analysis is a very important part of the research process. Before performing data analysis, researchers must make sure that numbers in their data are as … Read more